West Nile Virus is one of the most common mosquito-borne illnesses in many parts of the world, including North America.
TRANSMISSION: WNV is primarily spread to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The virus circulates between mosquitoes and birds, with humans and other mammals being incidental hosts.
SYMPTOMS:
✪ Asymptomatic: Most people (about 80%) infected with WNV do not show any symptoms.
✪ Mild Symptoms: Approximately 20% of infected individuals develop mild symptoms, which may include fever, headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash.
✪ Severe Symptoms: Less than 1% of those infected may develop severe neurological illness, such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). Symptoms of severe illness include high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, coma, tremors, seizures, or paralysis.
RISK FACTORS:
✪ Older adults, especially those over 60, and people with certain medical conditions (e.g., cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease) are at higher risk of developing severe illness.
✪ Those with weakened immune systems are also at increased risk.
Long-Term Effects: Recovery from severe WNV illness can take several weeks or months. Some neurological effects may be permanent.
PREVENTION:
Avoid Mosquito Bites: Use insect repellent, wear long-sleeved clothing, and avoid being outdoors during peak mosquito activity (dawn and dusk). Mosquito Control: Eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed, and use screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out.
Treatment: There is no specific treatment for WNV. Supportive care can help manage symptoms, and hospitalization may be required for severe cases.
While most mosquito bites are merely an annoyance, they can be dangerous due to the risk of disease transmission, particularly West Nile virus. Understanding the risks and taking preventive measures can significantly reduce the chances of infection.
